# Non-Schmid Effects In Perfect Single Crystal Metals At Zero Temperature

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that in perfect single crystal metals at zero temperature, yielding depends on normal stress, challenging the traditional Schmid law, and reveals the prevalence of short wavelength instabilities in defect nucleation.

## Contribution

It provides the first phonon stability analysis showing non-Schmid effects and short wavelength instabilities in perfect single crystal metals at zero temperature.

## Key findings

- Yielding depends on normal stress, violating Schmid law.
- Short wavelength instabilities are common in defect nucleation.
- Non-Schmid effects are significant in crystal plasticity.

## Abstract

A long standing postulate in crystal plasticity of metals is that yielding commences once the resolved shear stress on a slip plane reaches a critical value. This assumption, known as Schmid law, implies that the onset of plasticity is independent of the normal stress acting on the slip plane. We examine the validity of this assumption in single crystal perfect lattices at zero temperature by subjecting them to a wide range of combined normal and shear stresses and identifying the onset of plasticity. We employ phonon stability analysis on four distinct single crystal metals and identify the onset of plasticity with the onset of an instability. Our results show significant dependence of yielding on the normal stress, thereby illustrating the necessity of considering non-Schmid effects in crystal plasticity. Finally, contrary to the common assumption that instabilities in single crystals are of long wavelength type, we show that short wavelength instabilities are abundant in the nucleation of defects for a wide range of loading conditions.