# Deterministic creation of a four-qubit W state using one- and two-qubit gates

## TL;DR

This paper presents a deterministic optical scheme for creating a four-qubit W state using a combination of one- and two-qubit gates, leveraging existing photonics technology and an extra spatial mode degree of freedom.

## Contribution

The scheme introduces a novel combination of optical gates, including a specially-designed V gate, enabling efficient W state creation without initial entanglement resources.

## Key findings

- The proposed setup can be implemented with current photonics technology.
- It achieves deterministic four-qubit W state creation.
- Utilizes an extra spatial mode degree of freedom for enhanced processing.

## Abstract

We propose an optical scheme to build an entangled network composed of $W$ state based on polarization encoded qubits (photons). This new setup consists of 2 $cNOT$ gates, 4 $V$ gates, 2 $Hadamard$ gates and basic optical tools such as polarizing beamsplitters ($PBS$s) and path couplers ($PC$s). $V$ gate is a specially-designed tool acting as a two-qubit gate which is composed of a $cNOT$ gate, 3 $PBS$s and a $PC$. By using this gate, one benefits from the temporarily generated optical degree of freedom, which is the spatial mode of a photon in the proposed scheme. Using an extra degree of freedom allows us to perform more capable processing for $W$-state creation protocols. We use four photons as input, which means we do not need entanglement as a resource. Also, we show that the proposed scheme can be implemented by operating the quantum optical gates which can be realized via current photonics technology.