# How is a Black Hole Created from Nothing?

## TL;DR

This paper explores the quantum creation of Schwarzschild black holes in de Sitter space, challenging previous notions of singularities and providing a new perspective on black hole formation from nothing.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel interpretation of black hole creation using synchronous coordinates, eliminating conical singularities and analyzing irregularities at the quantum transition surface.

## Key findings

- Conical singularities do not exist at the horizons.
- Irregularities are characterized by a non-zero second fundamental form.
- The approach applies to charged, topological, and higher-dimensional black holes.

## Abstract

Using the synchronous coordinates, the creation of a Schwarzschild black hole immersed in a de Sitter spacetime can be viewed as a coherent creation of a collection of timelike geodesics. The previously supposed conical singularities do not exist at the horizons of the constrained instan- ton. Instead, the unavoidable irregularity is presented as a non-vanishing second fundamental form elsewhere at the quantum transition 3-surface. The same arguments can be applied to charged, topological or higher dimensional black hole cases.