# Quasistationary solutions of scalar fields around collapsing self-interacting boson stars

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation of quasistationary scalar field solutions around black holes resulting from collapsing self-interacting boson stars, revealing persistent scalar remnants outside the horizon in collapse scenarios.

## Contribution

It provides the first systematic study of self-interacting boson star collapse, showing scalar field remnants form outside black holes in such processes.

## Key findings

- Scalar remnants oscillate outside black holes after collapse.
- Collapse outcomes include migration, dispersion, and black hole formation.
- Results align with similar findings in Proca star simulations.

## Abstract

There is increasing numerical evidence that scalar fields can form long-lived quasi-bound states around black holes. Recent perturbative and numerical relativity calculations have provided further confirmation in a variety of physical systems, including both static and accreting black holes, and collapsing fermionic stars. In this work we investigate this issue yet again in the context of gravitationally unstable boson stars leading to black hole formation. We build a large sample of spherically symmetric initial models, both stable and unstable, incorporating a self-interaction potential with a quartic term. The three different outcomes of unstable models, namely migration to the stable branch, total dispersion, and collapse to a black hole, are also present for self-interacting boson stars. Our simulations show that for black-hole-forming models, a scalar-field remnant is found outside the black-hole horizon, oscillating at a different frequency than that of the original boson star. This result is in good agreement with recent spherically symmetric simulations of unstable Proca stars collapsing to black holes.