# Robust Secure Transmission of Using Main-Lobe-Integration Based Leakage Beaforming in Directional Modulation MU-MIMO Systems

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a robust beamforming scheme for secure MU-MIMO directional modulation that effectively mitigates direction angle measurement errors without requiring statistical error knowledge, enhancing security and performance.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel main-lobe-integration and leakage-based robust beamforming method that improves security and performance in MU-MIMO systems with measurement errors.

## Key findings

- Significant improvement in bit error rate along desired directions.
- Enhanced secrecy-sum-rate for multiple users.
- Effective disruption of eavesdroppers without statistical error info.

## Abstract

In the paper, we make an investigation of robust beamforming for secure directional modulation in the multi-user multiple-input and multiple output (MU-MIMO) systems in the presence of direction angle measurement errors. When statistical knowledge of direction angle measurement errors is unavailable, a novel robust beamforming scheme of combining main-lobe-integration (MLI) and leakage is proposed to simultaneously transmit multiple different independent parallel confidential message streams to the associated multiple distinct desired users. The proposed scheme includes two steps: designing the beamforming vectors of the useful confidential messages and constructing artificial noise (AN) projection matrix. Here, in its first step, the beamforming vectors for the useful confidential messages of desired user k are given by minimizing the useful signal power leakage from main-lobe of desired user k to the sum of main-lobes of the remaining desired directions plus main-lobes of all eavesdropper directions. In its second step, the AN projection matrix is constructed by simultaneously maximizing the AN power leakage to all eavesdropper directions such that all eavesdroppers are disrupted seriously, where AN is viewed by the transmitter as a useful signal for eavedroppers. Due to independent beamforming vectors for different desired users, a more secure transmission is achieved. Compared with conventional non-robust methods, the proposed method can provide a significant improvement in bit error rate along the desired directions and secrecy-sum-rate towards multiple desired users without needing statistical property or distribution of angle measurement errors.