# Surface Integral Formulation with Preconditioned, Multipole-Accelerated Iterative Method Applied for the Analysis of RCS of Single and Multi-Layer Dielectric Structures

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a surface integral formulation combined with a preconditioned, multipole-accelerated iterative method for efficient and accurate analysis of the radar cross section of complex layered dielectric structures using the Method of Moments.

## Contribution

It presents a novel, simplified, and efficient approach integrating MLFMM and ILU preconditioning for electromagnetic scattering analysis of layered dielectric objects.

## Key findings

- Method achieves high accuracy in RCS calculations.
- Significant reduction in computational complexity and time.
- Validated with 3D numerical examples.

## Abstract

A preconditioned, multipole-accelerated, Krylov-subspace iterative algorithm for the electromagnetic scattering analysis of three dimensional (3D), arbitrary shaped dielectric structures composed of single and multi-layered dielectric materials is presented. A surface integral equation (SIE) formulation using Maxwells equations and the equivalence principle which produces a well-conditioned matrix equation is applied. The surface integral equation is discretized using the well-known Method of Moments (MoM) based on a Galerkin scheme. The dense matrix is solved efficiently via an iterative method accelerated by the Multilevel Fast Multipole Method (MLFMM) coupled with an incomplete LU (ILU) preconditioning technique. Compared to the proposed methods in the literature, proposed method is much simpler and efficient to implement for layered dielectric structures. 3D numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed approach.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1704.06862