# Detecting Friedel oscillations in ultracold Fermi gases

## TL;DR

This paper explores how Friedel oscillations can be detected in ultracold Fermi gases, showing that averaging over multiple experimental runs enables their observation despite noise.

## Contribution

It demonstrates a realistic method to observe Friedel oscillations in ultracold gases by analyzing noise and averaging over multiple systems and images.

## Key findings

- Friedel oscillations can be detected with current ultracold gas setups.
- Averaging over about 100 images suffices for observation.
- Multiple parallel 1D systems enhance detection feasibility.

## Abstract

Investigating Friedel oscillations in ultracold gases would complement the studies performed on solid state samples with scanning-tunneling microscopes. In atomic quantum gases interactions and external potentials can be tuned freely and the inherently slower dynamics allow to access non-equilibrium dynamics following a potential or interaction quench. Here, we examine how Friedel oscillations can be observed in current ultracold gas experiments under realistic conditions. To this aim we numerically calculate the amplitude of the Friedel oscillations which a potential barrier provokes in a 1D Fermi gas and compare it to the expected atomic and photonic shot noise in a density measurement. We find that to detect Friedel oscillations the signal from several thousand one-dimensional systems has to be averaged. However, as up to 100 parallel one-dimensional systems can be prepared in a single run with present experiments, averaging over about 100 images is sufficient.