Neutrino emissions in all flavors up to the pre-bounce of massive stars   and the possibility of their detections

Chinami Kato; Hiroki Nagakura; Shun Furusawa; Koh Takahashi; Hideyuki; Umeda; Takashi Yoshida; Koji Ishidoshiro; Shoichi Yamada

arXiv:1704.05480·astro-ph.HE·October 18, 2017

Neutrino emissions in all flavors up to the pre-bounce of massive stars and the possibility of their detections

Chinami Kato, Hiroki Nagakura, Shun Furusawa, Koh Takahashi, Hideyuki, Umeda, Takashi Yoshida, Koji Ishidoshiro, Shoichi Yamada

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TL;DR

This study models all-flavor neutrino emissions from massive star pre-bounce phases, estimating detection prospects at terrestrial detectors like DUNE and JUNO, and highlighting how neutrino signals can distinguish supernova progenitor types.

Contribution

It extends previous work by including all neutrino flavors and analyzing detection possibilities for various supernova progenitors with upcoming detectors.

Findings

01

Electron neutrino luminosities reach ~10^{57} s^{-1}

02

Detection of electron neutrinos at DUNE is feasible for certain supernova types

03

Electron antineutrinos from ECSN are generally undetectable at current detectors.

Abstract

This paper is a sequel to our previous one (Kato et al.2015), which calculated the luminosities and spectra of electron-type anti-neutrinos ( $\overset{ν}{ˉ}_{e}$ 's) from the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae. Expecting that a capability to detect electron-type neutrinos ( $ν_{e}$ 's) will increase dramatically with the emergence of liquid-argon detectors such as DUNE, we broaden the scope in this study to include all-flavors of neutrinos emitted from the pre-bounce phase. We pick up three progenitor models of an electron capture supernova (ECSN) and iron-core collapse supernovae (FeCCSNe). We find that the number luminosities reach $\sim 1 0^{57} s^{- 1}$ and $\sim 1 0^{53} s^{- 1}$ at maximum for $ν_{e}$ and $\overset{ν}{ˉ}_{e}$ , respectively. We also estimate the numbers of detection events at terrestrial neutrino detectors including DUNE, taking flavor oscillations into account and…

Tables17

Table 1. Table 1: Additional AAS T e X symbols

$≲$	`\lesssim`, `\la`	$≳$	`\gtrsim`, `\ga`
µm	`\micron`	−	`\sbond`
=	`\dbond`	≡	`\tbond`
$☉$	`\sun`	$\oplus$	`\earth`
⌀	`\diameter`
°	`\arcdeg`, `\degr`	□	`\sq`
′	`\arcmin`	″	`\arcsec`
$\overset{d}{.}$	`\fd`	$\overset{h}{.}$	`\fh`
$\overset{m}{.}$	`\fm`	$\overset{s}{.}$	`\fs`
$\overset{\circ}{.}$	`\fdg`	$\overset{'}{.}$	`\farcm`
$\overset{''}{.}$	`\farcs`	$\overset{p}{.}$	`\fp`
½	`\onehalf`	UBVR	`\ubvr`
⅓	`\onethird`	U B	`\ub`
⅔	`\twothirds`	B V	`\bv`
¼	`\onequarter`	V R	`\vr`
¾	`\threequarters`	U R	`\ur`

Table 2. Table 2: Text-mode accents

ò	`\‘{o}`	ō	`\={o}`	o͡o	`\t{oo}`
ó	`\’{o}`	ȯ	`\.{o}`	o̧	`\c{o}`
ô	`\^{o}`	ŏ	`\u{o}`	ọ	`\d{o}`
ö	`\"{o}`	ǒ	`\v{o}`	o̱	`\b{o}`
õ	`\~{o}`	ő	`\H{o}`

Table 3. Table 3: National symbols

œ	`\oe`	å	`\aa`	ł	`\l`
Œ	`\OE`	Å	`\AA`	Ł	`\L`
æ	`\ae`	ø	`\o`	ß	`\ss`
Æ	`\AE`	Ø	`\O`

Table 4. Table 4: Math-mode accents

$\hat{a}$	`\hat{a}`	$\dot{a}$	`\dot{a}`
$\overset{ˇ}{a}$	`\check{a}`	$\ddot{a}$	`\ddot{a}`
$\tilde{a}$	`\tilde{a}`	$\overset{˘}{a}$	`\breve{a}`
$\overset{´}{a}$	`\acute{a}`	$\bar{a}$	`\bar{a}`
$\overset{`}{a}$	`\grave{a}`	$\vec{a}$	`\vec{a}`

Table 5. Table 5: Greek and Hebrew letters (math mode)

$α$	`\alpha`	$ν$	`\nu`
$β$	`\beta`	$ξ$	`\xi`
$γ$	`\gamma`	$o$	`o`
$δ$	`\delta`	$π$	`\pi`
$ϵ$	`\epsilon`	$ρ$	`\rho`
$ζ$	`\zeta`	$σ$	`\sigma`
$η$	`\eta`	$τ$	`\tau`
$θ$	`\theta`	$υ$	`\upsilon`
$ι$	`\iota`	$ϕ$	`\phi`
$κ$	`\kappa`	$χ$	`\chi`
$λ$	`\lambda`	$ψ$	`\psi`
$μ$	`\mu`	$ω$	`\omega`
$ϝ$	`\digamma`	$ϰ$	`\varkappa`
$ε$	`\varepsilon`	$ς$	`\varsigma`
$ϑ$	`\vartheta`	$φ$	`\varphi`
$ϱ$	`\varrho`
$Γ$	`\Gamma`	$Σ$	`\Sigma`
$Δ$	`\Delta`	$Υ$	`\Upsilon`
$Θ$	`\Theta`	$Φ$	`\Phi`
$Λ$	`\Lambda`	$Ψ$	`\Psi`
$Ξ$	`\Xi`	$Ω$	`\Omega`
$Π$	`\Pi`
$ℵ$	`\aleph`	$ℶ$	`\beth`
$ℷ$	`\gimel`	$ℸ$	`\daleth`

Table 6. Table 6: Binary operators (math mode)

$\pm$	`\pm`	$\cap$	`\cap`
$\mp$	`\mp`	$\cup$	`\cup`
$∖$	`\setminus`	$⊎$	`\uplus`
$\cdot$	`\cdot`	$⊓$	`\sqcap`
$\times$	`\times`	$⊔$	`\sqcup`
$*$	`\ast`	$◁$	`\triangleleft`
$⋆$	`\star`	$▷$	`\triangleright`
$⋄$	`\diamond`	$≀$	`\wr`
$\circ$	`\circ`	$○$	`\bigcirc`
$∙$	`\bullet`	$△$	`\bigtriangleup`
$\div$	`\div`	$▽$	`\bigtriangledown`
$⊲$	`\lhd`	$⊳$	`\rhd`
$\lor$	`\vee`	$⊙$	`\odot`
$\land$	`\wedge`	$†$	`\dagger`
$\oplus$	`\oplus`	$‡$	`\ddagger`
$⊖$	`\ominus`	$∐$	`\amalg`
$\otimes$	`\otimes`	$⊴$	`\unlhd`
$⊘$	`\oslash`	$⊵$	`\unrhd`

Table 7. Table 7: AMS binary operators (math mode)

$∔$	`\dotplus`	$⋉$	`\ltimes`
$∖$	`\smallsetminus`	$⋊$	`\rtimes`
$⋒$	`\Cap`, `\doublecap`	$⋋$	`\leftthreetimes`
$⋓$	`\Cup`, `\doublecup`	$⋌$	`\rightthreetimes`
$⊼$	`\barwedge`	$⋏$	`\curlywedge`
$⊻$	`\veebar`	$⋎$	`\curlyvee`
$⩞$	`\doublebarwedge`
$⊟$	`\boxminus`	$⊝$	`\circleddash`
$⊠$	`\boxtimes`	$⊛$	`\circledast`
$⊡$	`\boxdot`	$⊚$	`\circledcirc`
$⊞$	`\boxplus`	$∙$	`\centerdot`
$⋇$	`\divideontimes`	$⊺$	`\intercal`

Table 8. Table 8: Miscellaneous symbols

†	`\dag`	§	`\S`
©	`\copyright`	‡	`\ddag`
¶	`\P`	£	`\pounds`
#	`\#`	$	`\$`
%	`\%`	&	`\&`
_	`\_`	{	`\{`
}	`\}`

Table 9. Table 9: Miscellaneous symbols (math mode)

$ℵ$	`\aleph`	$'$	`\prime`
$ℏ$	`\hbar`	$\emptyset$	`\emptyset`
$ı$	`\imath`	$\nabla$	`\nabla`
$ȷ$	`\jmath`	$\sqrt$	`\surd`
$ℓ$	`\ell`	$⊤$	`\top`
$℘$	`\wp`	$⊥$	`\bot`
$ℜ$	`\Re`	$∥$	`\\|`
$ℑ$	`\Im`	$∠$	`\angle`
$\partial$	`\partial`	$△$	`\triangle`
$\infty$	`\infty`	$\$	`\backslash`
$□$	`\Box`	$◇$	`\Diamond`
$\forall$	`\forall`	$♯$	`\sharp`
$\exists$	`\exists`	$♣$	`\clubsuit`
$\neg$	`\neg`	$♢$	`\diamondsuit`
$♭$	`\flat`	$♡$	`\heartsuit`
$♮$	`\natural`	$♠$	`\spadesuit`
$℧$	`\mho`

Table 10. Table 10: AMS miscellaneous symbols (math mode)

$ℏ$	`\hbar`	$‵$	`\backprime`
$ℏ$	`\hslash`	$\emptyset$	`\varnothing`
$△$	`\vartriangle`	$▲$	`\blacktriangle`
$▽$	`\triangledown`	$▼$	`\blacktriangledown`
$□$	`\square`	$■$	`\blacksquare`
$◆$	`\lozenge`	$◆$	`\blacklozenge`
$Ⓢ$	`\circledS`	$★$	`\bigstar`
$∠$	`\angle`	$∢$	`\sphericalangle`
$∡$	`\measuredangle`
$∄$	`\nexists`	$∁$	`\complement`
$℧$	`\mho`	$ð$	`\eth`
$Ⅎ$	`\Finv`	$╱$	`\diagup`
$⅁$	`\Game`	$╲$	`\diagdown`
$𝕜$	`\Bbbk`	$↾$	`\restriction`

Table 11. Table 11: Arrows (math mode)

$\leftarrow$	`\leftarrow`	$⟵$	`\longleftarrow`
$\Leftarrow$	`\Leftarrow`	$⟸$	`\Longleftarrow`
$\to$	`\rightarrow`	$⟶$	`\longrightarrow`
$\Rightarrow$	`\Rightarrow`	$⟹$	`\Longrightarrow`
$\leftrightarrow$	`\leftrightarrow`	$⟷$	`\longleftrightarrow`
$\Leftrightarrow$	`\Leftrightarrow`	$⟺$	`\Longleftrightarrow`
$\mapsto$	`\mapsto`	$⟼$	`\longmapsto`
$↩$	`\hookleftarrow`	$↪$	`\hookrightarrow`
$↼$	`\leftharpoonup`	$⇀$	`\rightharpoonup`
$↽$	`\leftharpoondown`	$⇁$	`\rightharpoondown`
$⇌$	`\rightleftharpoons`	$↝$	`\leadsto`
$↑$	`\uparrow`	$⇕$	`\Updownarrow`
$⇑$	`\Uparrow`	$↗$	`\nearrow`
$↓$	`\downarrow`	$↘$	`\searrow`
$⇓$	`\Downarrow`	$↙$	`\swarrow`
$↕$	`\updownarrow`	$↖$	`\nwarrow`

Table 12. Table 12: AMS arrows (math mode)

$⇠$	`\dashleftarrow`	$⇢$	`\dashrightarrow`
$⇇$	`\leftleftarrows`	$⇉$	`\rightrightarrows`
$⇆$	`\leftrightarrows`	$⇄$	`\rightleftarrows`
$⇚$	`\Lleftarrow`	$⇛$	`\Rrightarrow`
$↞$	`\twoheadleftarrow`	$↠$	`\twoheadrightarrow`
$↢$	`\leftarrowtail`	$↣$	`\rightarrowtail`
$↫$	`\looparrowleft`	$↬$	`\looparrowright`
$⇋$	`\leftrightharpoons`	$⇌$	`\rightleftharpoons`
$↶$	`\curvearrowleft`	$↷$	`\curvearrowright`
$↺$	`\circlearrowleft`	$↻$	`\circlearrowright`
$↰$	`\Lsh`	$↱$	`\Rsh`
$⇈$	`\upuparrows`	$⇊$	`\downdownarrows`
$↿$	`\upharpoonleft`	$↾$	`\upharpoonright`
$⇃$	`\downharpoonleft`	$⇂$	`\downharpoonright`
$⊸$	`\multimap`	$↝$	`\rightsquigarrow`
$↭$	`\leftrightsquigarrow`
$↚$	`\nleftarrow`	$↛$	`\nrightarrow`
$⇍$	`\nLeftarrow`	$⇏$	`\nRightarrow`
$↮$	`\nleftrightarrow`	$⇎$	`\nLeftrightarrow`

Table 13. Table 13: Relations (math mode)

$\leq$	`\leq`	$\geq$	`\geq`
$≺$	`\prec`	$≻$	`\succ`
$⪯$	`\preceq`	$⪰$	`\succeq`
$≪$	`\ll`	$≫$	`\gg`
$\subset$	`\subset`	$\supset$	`\supset`
$\subseteq$	`\subseteq`	$\supseteq$	`\supseteq`
$⊏$	`\sqsubset`	$⊐$	`\sqsupset`
$⊑$	`\sqsubseteq`	$⊒$	`\sqsupseteq`
$\in$	`\in`	$∋$	`\ni`
$⊢$	`\vdash`	$⊣$	`\dashv`
$⌣$	`\smile`	$∣$	`\mid`
$⌢$	`\frown`	$∥$	`\parallel`
$\neq$	`\neq`	$⟂$	`\perp`
$\equiv$	`\equiv`	$≅$	`\cong`
$\sim$	`\sim`	$⋈$	`\bowtie`
$≃$	`\simeq`	$\propto$	`\propto`
$≍$	`\asymp`	$⊧$	`\models`
$\approx$	`\approx`	$≐$	`\doteq`
		$⨝$	`\Join`

Table 14. Table 14: AMS binary relations (math mode)

$≦$	`\leqq`	$≧$	`\geqq`
$⩽$	`\leqslant`	$⩾$	`\geqslant`
$⪕$	`\eqslantless`	$⪖$	`\eqslantgtr`
$≲$	`\lesssim`	$≳$	`\gtrsim`
$⪅$	`\lessapprox`	$⪆$	`\gtrapprox`
$≊$	`\approxeq`	$≂$	`\eqsim`
$⋖$	`\lessdot`	$⋗$	`\gtrdot`
$⋘$	`\lll`, `\llless`	$⋙$	`\ggg`, `\gggtr`
$≶$	`\lessgtr`	$≷$	`\gtrless`
$⋚$	`\lesseqgtr`	$⋛$	`\gtreqless`
$⪋$	`\lesseqqgtr`	$⪌$	`\gtreqqless`
$≑$	`\doteqdot`, `\Doteq`	$≖$	`\eqcirc`
$≓$	`\risingdotseq`	$≗$	`\circeq`
$≒$	`\fallingdotseq`	$≜$	`\triangleq`
$∽$	`\backsim`	$\sim$	`\thicksim`
$≌$	`\backsimeq`	$\approx$	`\thickapprox`
$⫅$	`\subseteqq`	$⫆$	`\supseteqq`
$⋐$	`\Subset`	$⋑$	`\Supset`
$⊏$	`\sqsubset`	$⊐$	`\sqsupset`
$≼$	`\preccurlyeq`	$≽$	`\succcurlyeq`
$⋞$	`\curlyeqprec`	$⋟$	`\curlyeqsucc`
$≾$	`\precsim`	$≿$	`\succsim`
$⪷$	`\precapprox`	$⪸$	`\succapprox`
$⊲$	`\vartriangleleft`	$⊳$	`\vartriangleright`
$⊴$	`\trianglelefteq`	$⊵$	`\trianglerighteq`
$⊨$	`\vDash`	$⊩$	`\Vdash`
$⊪$	`\Vvdash`
$⌣$	`\smallsmile`	$∣$	`\shortmid`
$⌢$	`\smallfrown`	$∥$	`\shortparallel`
$≏$	`\bumpeq`	$≬$	`\between`
$≎$	`\Bumpeq`	$⋔$	`\pitchfork`
$\propto$	`\varpropto`	$϶$	`\backepsilon`
$◀$	`\blacktriangleleft`	$▶$	`\blacktriangleright`
$∴$	`\therefore`	$∵$	`\because`

Table 15. Table 15: AMS negated relations (math mode)

$≮$	`\nless`	$≯$	`\ngtr`
$≰$	`\nleq`	$≱$	`\ngeq`
$⩽̸$	`\nleqslant`	$⩾̸$	`\ngeqslant`
$≦̸$	`\nleqq`	$≧̸$	`\ngeqq`
$⪇$	`\lneq`	$⪈$	`\gneq`
$≨$	`\lneqq`	$≩$	`\gneqq`
$≨$	`\lvertneqq`	$≩$	`\gvertneqq`
$⋦$	`\lnsim`	$⋧$	`\gnsim`
$⪉$	`\lnapprox`	$⪊$	`\gnapprox`
$⊀$	`\nprec`	$⊁$	`\nsucc`
$⋠$	`\npreceq`	$⋡$	`\nsucceq`
$⪵$	`\precneqq`	$⪶$	`\succneqq`
$⋨$	`\precnsim`	$⋩$	`\succnsim`
$⪹$	`\precnapprox`	$⪺$	`\succnapprox`
$≁$	`\nsim`	$≇$	`\ncong`
$∤$	`\nshortmid`	$∦$	`\nshortparallel`
$∤$	`\nmid`	$∦$	`\nparallel`
$⊬$	`\nvdash`	$⊭$	`\nvDash`
$⊮$	`\nVdash`	$⊯$	`\nVDash`
$⋪$	`\ntriangleleft`	$⋫$	`\ntriangleright`
$⋬$	`\ntrianglelefteq`	$⋭$	`\ntrianglerighteq`
$⊈$	`\nsubseteq`	$⊉$	`\nsupseteq`
$⫅̸$	`\nsubseteqq`	$⫆̸$	`\nsupseteqq`
$⊊$	`\subsetneq`	$⊋$	`\supsetneq`
$⊊$	`\varsubsetneq`	$⊋$	`\varsupsetneq`
$⫋$	`\subsetneqq`	$⫌$	`\supsetneqq`
$⫋$	`\varsubsetneqq`	$⫌$	`\varsupsetneqq`

Table 16. Table 16: Variable-sized symbols (math mode)

$\begin{matrix} \sum & \sum & \sum & ⋂ & ⋂ & \bigcap \\ \prod & \prod & \prod & ⋃ & ⋃ & \bigcup \\ ∐ & ∐ & \coprod & ⨆ & ⨆ & \bigsqcup \\ \int & \int & \int & ⋁ & ⋁ & \bigvee \\ \oint & \oint & \oint & ⋀ & ⋀ & \bigwedge \\ ⨀ & ⨀ & \bigodot & ⨂ & ⨂ & \bigotimes \\ ⨁ & ⨁ & \bigoplus & ⨄ & ⨄ & \biguplus \end{matrix}$

Table 17. Table 17: Delimiters (math mode)

$($	`(`	$)$	`)`
$[$	`[`	$]$	`]`
${$	`\{`	$}$	`\}`
$⌊$	`\lfloor`	$⌋$	`\rfloor`
$⌈$	`\lceil`	$⌉$	`\rceil`
$⟨$	`\langle`	$⟩$	`\rangle`
$/$	`/`	$\$	`\backslash`
$\|$	`\vert`	$∥$	`\Vert`
$↑$	`\uparrow`	$⇑$	`\Uparrow`
$↓$	`\downarrow`	$⇓$	`\Downarrow`
$↕$	`\updownarrow`	$⇕$	`\Updownarrow`
$⌜$	`\ulcorner`	$⌝$	`\urcorner`
$⌞$	`\llcorner`	$⌟$	`\lrcorner`

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