# Strong-field tidal distortions of rotating black holes: III. Embeddings in hyperbolic 3-space

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to embed and visualize the distorted horizons of rapidly spinning black holes in hyperbolic 3-space, overcoming previous limitations of Euclidean embeddings for high-spin black holes.

## Contribution

It develops a numerical embedding technique for Kerr black hole horizons in hyperbolic space, enabling visualization of highly spinning black holes with spin parameter up to 0.9999.

## Key findings

- Successful embedding of high-spin black hole horizons in hyperbolic space
- Visualization of horizon oscillations and tidal distortions
- Extension of horizon embedding techniques to arbitrary spins

## Abstract

In previous work, we developed tools for quantifying the tidal distortion of a black hole's event horizon due to an orbiting companion. These tools use techniques which require large mass ratios (companion mass $\mu$ much smaller than black hole mass $M$), but can be used for arbitrary bound orbits, and for any black hole spin. We also showed how to visualize these distorted black holes by embedding their horizons in a global Euclidean 3-space, ${\mathbb{E}}^3$. Such visualizations illustrate interesting and important information about horizon dynamics. Unfortunately, we could not visualize black holes with spin parameter $a_* > \sqrt{3}/2 \approx 0.866$: such holes cannot be globally embedded into ${\mathbb{E}}^3$. In this paper, we overcome this difficulty by showing how to embed the horizons of tidally distorted Kerr black holes in a hyperbolic 3-space, ${\mathbb{H}}^3$. We use black hole perturbation theory to compute the Gaussian curvatures of tidally distorted event horizons, from which we build a two-dimensional metric of their distorted horizons. We develop a numerical method for embedding the tidally distorted horizons in ${\mathbb{H}}^3$. As an application, we give a sequence of embeddings into ${\mathbb{H}}^3$ of a tidally interacting black hole with spin $a_*=0.9999$. A small amplitude, high frequency oscillation seen in previous work shows up particularly clearly in these embeddings.