# Fermi arc, pseudogap and strange-metal phase in hole-dopd lanthanum cuprates

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a model linking charge density waves, Fermi arcs, and pseudogap phenomena in hole-doped lanthanum cuprates, identifying quantum critical points and explaining the strange-metal phase through Bragg reflection conditions.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel framework connecting CDWs, Fermi arcs, and pseudogaps, and explains the doping-dependent quantum critical points and strange-metal behavior in lanthanum cuprates.

## Key findings

- Fermi arc length and pseudogap magnitude depend on CDW incommensurability.
- Pseudogap closes at a critical doping level where Fermi arc reaches antinodal points.
- Strange-metal phase arises from conflicting Bragg reflection conditions affecting charge carriers.

## Abstract

Hole doping of La_{2-x}Ae_xCuO_4 (Ae=Sr,Ba) and La_{2-y-x}Ln_ySr_xCuO_4 (Ln = Nd, Eu; y = 0.4, 0.2) introduces unidirectional charge density waves (CDWs) of incommensurability delta_c(x) in domains of the CuO_2 planes. A periodic structure, each CDW gives rise to a Bragg-reflection mirror of extension delta_c(x) that attaches to a nodal point \.{Q} on the planar diagonal in reciprocal space. This confines itinerant holes to a Fermi arc about \.{Q}, leaving a pseudogap along the remainder of the underlying Fermi surface. The length of the Fermi arc and the magnitude of the pseudogap both are determined by \delta_c(x). The pseudogap closes when the Fermi arc reaches the antinodal symmetry points M. This is the case at a doping level x^*_0 = 0.182 for La_{2-x}Ae_xCuO_4 at T=0 (quantum critical point, QCP) and otherwise at a doping-dependent pseudogap temperature T^*(x) that marks the boundary between the compounds' pseudogap phase and strange-metal phase. The different value of the observed QCP in La_{2-y-x}Ln_ySr_xCuO_4, x^*_0 = 0.235, is attributed to extra magnetic order from Ln^{3+} ions with a finite magnetic moment instead of La^{3+} with none. The possibility of quantum oscillations in La_{2-y-x}Ln_ySr_xCuO_4 in the high-end doping interval of their pseudogap phase, 0.182 < x < 0.235, is raised. The strange-metal phase is interpreted as a consequence of conflicting Bragg reflection conditions for the crystals' itinerant charge carriers when boundaries of the BZ and the CDW mirrors coincide, frustrating umklapp processes of carrier-carrier scattering.