# Deep submillimeter and radio observations in the SSA22 field. I. Powering sources and Ly{\alpha} escape fraction of Ly{\alpha} blobs

## TL;DR

This study investigates the heating mechanisms and Lyα escape fractions of 35 Lyα blobs at z=3.1, revealing links between dust emission, radio activity, and morphology, with implications for understanding their physical properties.

## Contribution

It provides new insights into the connection between dust, radio emission, and Lyα escape fractions in LABs, highlighting the role of dust attenuation and morphology.

## Key findings

- Dust detected in 11 LABs with high SFRs
- Radio excess suggests presence of AGN in some LABs
- Lyα escape fraction median is about 3% in submm-detected LABs

## Abstract

We study the heating mechanisms and Ly{\alpha} escape fractions of 35 Ly{\alpha} blobs (LABs) at z = 3.1 in the SSA22 field. Dust continuum sources have been identified in 11 of the 35 LABs, all with star formation rates (SFRs) above 100 Msun/yr. Likely radio counterparts are detected in 9 out of 29 investigated LABs. The detection of submm dust emission is more linked to the physical size of the Ly{\alpha} emission than to the Ly{\alpha} luminosities of the LABs. A radio excess in the submm/radio detected LABs is common, hinting at the presence of active galactic nuclei. Most radio sources without X-ray counterparts are located at the centers of the LABs. However, all X-ray counterparts avoid the central regions. This may be explained by absorption due to exceptionally large column densities along the line-of-sight or by LAB morphologies, which are highly orientation dependent. The median Ly{\alpha} escape fraction is about 3\% among the submm-detected LABs, which is lower than a lower limit of 11\% for the submm-undetected LABs. We suspect that the large difference is due to the high dust attenuation supported by the large SFRs, the dense large-scale environment as well as large uncertainties in the extinction corrections required to apply when interpreting optical data.