# Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC

## TL;DR

This paper uses a hybrid model to study how bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering affect observable outcomes in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC, highlighting the importance of bulk viscosity.

## Contribution

It introduces a hybrid modeling approach combining IP-Glasma, viscous hydrodynamics, and microscopic transport to analyze the effects of bulk viscosity and rescattering.

## Key findings

- Bulk viscosity significantly influences radial flow and azimuthal anisotropy.
- The model reproduces experimental data on flow observables.
- Dependence of results on the switching temperature to microscopic transport.

## Abstract

We describe ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC with a hybrid model using the IP-Glasma model for the earliest stage and viscous hydrodynamics and microscopic transport for the later stages of the collision. We demonstrate that within this framework the bulk viscosity of the plasma plays an important role in describing the experimentally observed radial flow and azimuthal anisotropy simultaneously. We further investigate the dependence of observables on the temperature below which we employ the microscopic transport description.