# Fabrication of Simple Apparatus for Resistivity Measurement in High Temperature Range 300-620 K

## TL;DR

This paper presents a simple, low-cost apparatus designed for accurate resistivity measurements of metals and semiconductors in the 300-620 K temperature range, suitable for various materials with good thermal stability.

## Contribution

A novel, minimal-component resistivity measurement device capable of operating in high temperatures with uniform heating and high accuracy, demonstrated on multiple materials.

## Key findings

- Accurate resistivity measurements consistent with literature.
- Clear observation of metal-insulator and insulator-metal transitions.
- Device is simple, lightweight, and cost-effective.

## Abstract

A simple and low cost apparatus has been designed and built to measure the electrical resistivity, ($\rho$), of metal and semiconductors in 300-620 K temperature range. The present design is suitable to do measurement on rectangular bar sample by using conventional four-probe dc method. A small heater is made on the sample mounting copper block to achieve the desired temperature. Heat loss from sample holder is minimize by using very low thermal conductive insulator block. This unique design of heater and minimized heat loss from sample platform provide uniform sample temperature and also have very good thermal stability during the measurement. The electrical contacts of current leads and potential probes on the sample are done by using very thin (42 SWG) copper wires and high temperature silver paste. The use of limited components and small heater design make present instrument very simple, light weight, easy to sample mount, small in size, and low cost. To calibrate the instrument pure nickel sample was used, and two other materials La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_{3}$ (LSMO) and LaCoO$_{3}$ (LCO) were also characterized to demonstrate the accuracy of this set-up. $\rho$(T) behavior on these samples were found to be in good agreement with the reported data. The metal-insulator transition for LSMO (T$_{MI}$ = $\sim$358 K) and the insulator-metal transition for LCO (T$_{IM}$ = $\sim$540 K) were clearly observed and these transitions temperature were also consistent with those reported in literature.