# Exact diagonalization and cluster mean-field study of triangular-lattice XXZ antiferromagnets near saturation

## TL;DR

This study investigates quantum phases near saturation in triangular-lattice XXZ antiferromagnets, clarifying the existence of the $\pi$-coplanar phase through advanced numerical methods and finite-size analyses.

## Contribution

It refines previous analyses by including more eigenstates and larger system sizes, demonstrating the persistent existence of the $\pi$-coplanar phase for quantum spins.

## Key findings

- The $\pi$-coplanar phase exists for all quantum spins except the classical limit.
- Finite-size symmetry-preserving calculations cannot distinguish 0- and $\pi$-coplanar phases.
- The $\pi$-coplanar phase is most extensive at $S=1/2$.

## Abstract

Quantum magnetic phases near the magnetic saturation of triangular-lattice antiferromagnets with XXZ anisotropy have been attracting renewed interest since it has been suggested that a nontrivial coplanar phase, called the $\pi$-coplanar or $\Psi$ phase, could be stabilized by quantum effects in a certain range of anisotropy parameter $J/J_z$ besides the well-known 0-coplanar (known also as $V$) and umbrella phases. Recently, Sellmann $et$ $al$. [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 91}, 081104(R) (2015)] claimed that the $\pi$-coplanar phase is absent for $S=1/2$ from an exact-diagonalization analysis in the sector of the Hilbert space with only three down-spins (three magnons). We first reconsider and improve this analysis by taking into account several low-lying eigenvalues and the associated eigenstates as a function of $J/J_z$ and by sensibly increasing the system sizes (up to 1296 spins). A careful identification analysis shows that the lowest eigenstate is a chirally antisymmetric combination of finite-size umbrella states for $J/J_z\gtrsim 2.218$ while it corresponds to a coplanar phase for $J/J_z\lesssim 2.218$. However, we demonstrate that the distinction between 0-coplanar and $\pi$-coplanar phases in the latter region is fundamentally impossible from the symmetry-preserving finite-size calculations with fixed magnon number.} Therefore, we also perform a cluster mean-field plus scaling analysis for small spins $S\leq 3/2$. The obtained results, together with the previous large-$S$ analysis, indicate that the $\pi$-coplanar phase exists for any $S$ except for the classical limit ($S\rightarrow \infty$) and the existence range in $J/J_z$ is largest in the most quantum case of $S=1/2$.