# Toolbox for the design of $LiNbO_3$-based passive and active integrated quantum circuits

## TL;DR

This paper reviews and models the development of integrated quantum optical circuits on lithium niobate, including sources, routing, and active components, demonstrating their application in on-chip two-photon interference experiments.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive toolbox of integrated components for quantum circuits on lithium niobate and models their performance in complex quantum applications.

## Key findings

- State-of-the-art component review and modeling
- Design insights for on-chip two-photon interference
- Simulation of circuit performance including imperfections

## Abstract

We present and discuss perspectives of current developments on advanced quantum optical circuits monolithically integrated in the lithium niobate platform. A set of basic components comprising photon pair sources based on parametric down conversion (PDC), passive routing elements and active electro-optically controllable switches and polarisation converters are building blocks of a toolbox which is the basis for a broad range of diverse quantum circuits. We review the state-of-the-art of these components and provide models that properly describe their performance in quantum circuits. As an example for applications of these models we discuss design issues for a circuit providing on-chip two-photon interference. The circuit comprises a PDC section for photon pair generation followed by an actively controllable modified Mach-Zehnder structure for observing Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference. The performance of such a chip is simulated theoretically by taking even imperfections of the properties of the individual components into account.