Equation for the Abraham force in non-conducting medium and methods for its measurement

TL;DR

This paper derives an equation for the Abraham force in non-conducting media from the Minkowski tensor and discusses various measurement methods, highlighting its vortex nature and the existence of electric and magnetic components.

Contribution

It provides a new equation for the Abraham force in non-conducting media and proposes measurement methods based on this formulation.

Findings

The Abraham force is a vortex force with zero divergence.

The equation reveals the existence of electric and magnetic Abraham forces.

Multiple methods for measuring the Abraham force are proposed.

Abstract

This article is devoted to obtaining an equation for the Abraham force in a continuous non-conducting medium and methods of its measurement. The equation for the Abraham force is obtained from the Minkowski tensor. The Abraham force appears when the vectors D and E, H and B are non-collinear. From the equation for the Abraham force it follows that it is a vortex force, and its divergence is equal to zero. It shows the existence of the Abraham electric force and the magnetic Abraham's force. Various measurement methods of the Abraham force, which follow from its equation, are given.