# Beliefs and Probability in Bacchus' l.p. Logic: A~3-Valued Logic Solution to Apparent Counter-intuition

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a 3-valued logic to address counterintuitive issues in Bacchus' L.p. logic, aiming to better integrate logic and probability by resolving fundamental discrepancies.

## Contribution

It proposes a novel 3-valued logic framework to overcome counterintuitive behaviors in Bacchus' L.p. logic, enhancing the integration of logic and probability.

## Key findings

- The 3-valued logic reduces counterintuitive outcomes in L.p. logic.
- It clarifies the discrepancy between first-order logic and statistical inference.
- The approach improves the coherence of probabilistic logic systems.

## Abstract

Fundamental discrepancy between first order logic and statistical inference (global versus local properties of universe) is shown to be the obstacle for integration of logic and probability in L.p. logic of Bacchus. To overcome the counterintuitiveness of L.p. behaviour, a 3-valued logic is proposed.