# Nearly resolution V plans on blocks of small size

## TL;DR

This paper extends the concept of orthogonality through the block factor in symmetrical experiments, providing conditions for effect orthogonality and alias separation, and constructs efficient plans with small blocks for three-level factors.

## Contribution

It introduces a new framework for effect orthogonality through the block factor and constructs nearly resolution V plans with small blocks for three-level factors.

## Key findings

- Derived necessary and sufficient conditions for effect orthogonality.
- Provided a sufficient condition for alias separation in plans.
- Constructed plans with blocks of size four or fewer, estimating main effects and most interactions.

## Abstract

In Bagchi (2010) main effect plans "orthogonal through the block factor" (POTB) have been constructed. The main advantages of a POTB are that (a) it may exist in a set up where an "usual" orthogonal main effect plan (OMEP) cannot exist and (b) the data analysis is nearly as simple as an OMEP. In the present paper we extend this idea and define the concept of orthogonality between a pair of factorial effects ( main effects or interactions) "through the block factor" in the context of a symmetrical experiment. We consider plans generated from an initial plan by adding runs. For such a plan we have derived necessary and sufficient conditions for a pair of effects to be orthogonal through the block factor in terms of the generators. We have also derived a sufficient condition on the generators so as to turn a pair of effects aliased in the initial plan separated in the final plan. The theory developed is illustrated with plans for experiments with three-level factors in situations where interactions between three or more factors are absent. We have constructed plans with blocks of size four and fewer runs than a resolution $V$ plan estimating all main effects and all but at most one two-factor interactions.