Coupled elasticity in soft solid foams

TL;DR

This study investigates how the elasticity of soft foams is affected by gas volume fraction, bubble size, and emulsion properties, revealing that the elastic modulus depends on both the bubble assembly and the matrix, governed by the elasto-capillary number.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of the elastic behavior of complex foams across the full range of gas fractions, introducing the elasto-capillary number as a key parameter.

Findings

Elastic modulus depends on gas fraction and bubble size.

Elastic behavior governed by gas volume fraction and elasto-capillary number.

Results connect foam elasticity with bubbly systems and aid in estimating shear modulus.

Abstract

Elasticity of soft materials can be greatly influenced by the presence of air bubbles. Such a capillary effect is expected for a wide range of materials, from polymer gels to concentrated emulsions and colloidal suspensions. Whereas experimental results and theory exist for describing the elasto-capillary behavior of bubbly materials (i.e. with moderate gas volume fractions), foamy systems still require a dedicated study in order to increase our understanding of elasticity in aerated materials over the full range of gas volume fractions. Here we elaborate well-controlled foams with concentrated emulsion and we measure their shear elastic modulus as a function of gas fraction, bubble size and elastic modulus of the emulsion. Such complex foams possess the elastic features of both the bubble assembly and the interstitial matrix. Moreover, their elastic modulus is shown to be governed by two parameters, namely the gas volume fraction and the elasto-capillary number, defined as the ratio of the emulsion modulus with the bubble capillary pressure. We connect our results for foams with existing data for bubbly systems and we provide a general view for the effect of gas bubbles in soft elastic media. Finally, we suggest that our results could be useful for estimating the shear modulus of aqueous foams and emulsions with multimodal size distributions.