Robust Audio Watermarking Algorithm Based on Moving Average and DCT

TL;DR

This paper presents a robust audio watermarking method that embeds watermarks into low-frequency DCT coefficients of a moving average sequence, enhancing resistance to common signal processing attacks while maintaining audio quality.

Contribution

It introduces a novel watermarking scheme combining moving average features with DCT domain embedding, improving robustness against various digital signal processing operations.

Findings

High audio quality preserved under watermark embedding

Algorithm shows strong robustness to noise, compression, and filtering

Effective against multiple common signal processing attacks

Abstract

Noise is often brought to host audio by common signal processing operation, and it usually changes the high-frequency component of an audio signal. So embedding watermark by adjusting low-frequency coefficient can improve the robustness of a watermark scheme. Moving Average sequence is a low-frequency feature of an audio signal. This work proposed a method which embedding watermark into the maximal coefficient in discrete cosine transform domain of a moving average sequence. Subjective and objective tests reveal that the proposed watermarking scheme maintains highly audio quality, and simultaneously, the algorithm is highly robust to common digital signal processing operations, including additive noise, sampling rate change, bit resolution transformation, MP3 compression, and random cropping, especially low-pass filtering.