# Evolution of force networks in dense granular matter close to jamming

## TL;DR

This study uses simulations and computational topology to show that force networks in dense granular matter near jamming evolve much faster than the external forcing, revealing intrinsic dynamics of the system.

## Contribution

It demonstrates that force networks near jamming transition evolve on a faster time scale than external forcing, using novel topological analysis of simulation data.

## Key findings

- Force networks evolve faster than external forcing near jamming.
- Force network evolution is characterized using computational topology.
- Fast evolution is influenced by proximity to the jamming transition.

## Abstract

When dense granular systems are exposed to external forcing, they evolve on the time scale that is typically related to the externally imposed one (shear or compression rate, for example). This evolution could be characterized by observing temporal evolution of contact networks. However, it is not immediately clear whether the force networks, defined on contact networks by considering force interactions between the particles, evolve on a similar time scale. To analyze the evolution of these networks, we carry out discrete element simulations of a system of soft frictional disks exposed to compression that leads to jamming. By using the tools of computational topology, we show that close to jamming transition, the force networks evolve on the time scale which is much faster than the externally imposed one. The presentation will discuss the factors that determine this fast time scale.