# Ghost dark energy with sign-changeable interaction term

## TL;DR

This paper investigates ghost dark energy models with sign-changeable interactions in FRW universes, showing late-time acceleration and behavior consistent with observational data, including transition from deceleration to acceleration.

## Contribution

It introduces and analyzes ghost dark energy models with sign-changeable interactions, extending to generalized models and considering flat and non-flat universes.

## Key findings

- Late-time universe approaches de Sitter phase with q→-1.
- Equation of state parameter remains above -1, avoiding phantom crossing.
- Models exhibit transition from deceleration to acceleration around redshift z≈0.6.

## Abstract

Regarding the Veneziano ghost of QCD and its generalized form, we consider a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe filled by a pressureless matter and a dark energy component interacting with each other through a mutual sign-changeable interaction of positive coupling constant. Our study shows that, at the late time, for the deceleration parameter we have $q\rightarrow-1$, while the equation of state parameter of the interacting ghost dark energy (GDE) does not cross the phantom line, namely $\omega_D\geq-1$. We also extend our study to the generalized ghost dark energy (GGDE) model and show that, at late time, the equation of state parameter of the interacting GGDE also respects the phantom line in both flat and non-flat universes. Moreover, we find out that, unlike the non-flat universe, we have $q\rightarrow-1$ at late time for flat FRW universe. In order to make the behavior of the underlying models more clear, the deceleration parameter $q$ as well as the equation of state parameter $w_D$ for flat and closed universes have been plotted against the redshift parameter, $z$. All of the studied cases admit a transition in the expansion history of universe from a deceleration phase to an accelerated one around $z\approx 0.6$