# The internal disruption as hard MHD limit of 1/2 sawtooth like activity in Large Helical Device

## TL;DR

This study investigates the hard MHD limit of 1/2 sawtooth-like activity in the Large Helical Device, simulating internal disruptions to understand their effects on plasma stability and confinement.

## Contribution

It provides the first simulation-based analysis of internal disruptions caused by 1/2 MHD activity in LHD, exploring their impact on plasma equilibrium and confinement.

## Key findings

- Large stochastic regions deform flux surfaces at high pressure gradients.
- Inner plasma perturbations lead to magnetic island formation.
- Linking stochastic regions can trigger internal disruptions.

## Abstract

LHD inward-shifted configurations are unstable to resistive MHD pressure-gradient-driven modes. Sawtooth like activity was observed during LHD operation. The main drivers are the unstable modes $1/2$ and $1/3$ in the middle and inner plasma region which limit the plasma confinement efficiency of LHD advanced operation scenarios. The aim of the present research is to study the hard MHD limit of $1/2$ sawtooth like activity, not observed yet in LHD operation, and to predict its effects on the device performance. Previous investigations pointed out this system relaxation can be an internal disruption [J. Varela et al, internal disruptions and sawtooth like activity in LHD, 38 th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics, 2011, P5.077]. In the present work, we simulate an internal disruption; we study the equilibria properties before and after the disruptive process, its effects on the plasma confinement efficiency during each disruptive phase, the relation between the $n/m = 1/2$ hard MHD events and the soft MHD events and how to avoid or reduce their adverse effects. The simulation conclusions point out that the large stochastic region in the middle plasma strongly deforms and tears the flux surfaces when the pressure gradient increases above the hard MHD limit. If the instability reaches the inner plasma, the iota profiles will be perturbed near the plasma core and three magnetic islands can appear near the magnetic axis. If the instability is strong enough to link the stochastic regions in the middle plasma (around the half minor radius $\rho$) and the plasma core ($\rho < 0.25$), an internal disruption is driven.