# Narrowing the window of inflationary magnetogenesis

## TL;DR

This paper derives bounds on inflationary magnetogenesis by analyzing the evolution of the electromagnetic coupling function during inflation, considering various reheating scenarios, and ensuring physical consistency to limit primordial magnetic fields.

## Contribution

It provides a model-independent bound on inflation-generated magnetic fields, accounting for different reheating histories and avoiding strong coupling and backreaction issues.

## Key findings

- Bound on present-day magnetic field strength: < 5×10^{-15} G
- The parameter κ is less than 100, indicating fine-tuning requirements
- The estimate has an uncertainty of about one order of magnitude

## Abstract

We consider inflationary magnetogenesis where the conformal symmetry is broken by the term $f^2(\phi) F_{\alpha\beta} F^{\alpha\beta}$. We assume that the magnetic field power spectrum today between 0.1 and $10^4$ Mpc is a power law, with upper and lower limits from observation. This fixes $f$ to be close to a power law in conformal time in the window during inflation when the modes observed today are generated. In contrast to previous work, we do not make any assumptions about the form of $f$ outside these scales. We cover all possible reheating histories, described by an average equation of state $-1/3 <\bar{w} <1$. Requiring that strong coupling and large backreaction are avoided both at the background and perturbative level, we find the bound $\delta_{B_0} < 5 \times10^{-15} \left( \frac{r}{0.07} \right)^{1/2} \kappa \mathrm{G}$ for the magnetic field generated by inflation, where $r$ is the tensor-to-scalar ratio and $\kappa$ is a constant related to the form of $f$. This estimate has an uncertainty of one order of magnitude related to our approximations. The parameter $\kappa$ is $<100$, and values $\gtrsim1$ require a highly fine-tuned form of $f$; typical values are orders of magnitude smaller.