# Strain effects on phonon transport in antimonene from a first-principles study

## TL;DR

This study investigates how biaxial strain affects phonon transport in antimonene, revealing strain-dependent thermal conductivity changes, structural stability limits, and size effects, which are crucial for thermal management and thermoelectric applications.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of strain effects on phonon transport in antimonene using first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory.

## Key findings

- Lattice thermal conductivity increases with tensile strain, reaching 5.6 times higher at 6% strain.
- Compressive strain below -1% induces structural instability due to imaginary phonon frequencies.
- Strain significantly affects phonon mean free paths, leading to size-dependent thermal transport phenomena.

## Abstract

Strain engineering is a very effective method to continuously tune the electronic, topological, optical and thermoelectric properties of materials. In this work, strain-dependent phonon transport of recently-fabricated antimonene (Sb monolayer) under biaxial strain is investigated from a combination of first-principles calculations and the linearized phonon Boltzmann equation. It is found that the ZA dispersion of antimonene with strain less than -1\% gives imaginary frequencies, which suggests that compressive strain can induce structural instability. Experimentally, it is possible to enhance structural stability by tensile strain. Calculated results show that lattice thermal conductivity increases with strain changing from -1\% to 6\%, and lattice thermal conductivity at 6\% strain is 5.6 times larger than that at -1\% strain at room temperature. It is interesting that lattice thermal conductivity is in inverse proportion to buckling parameter $h$ in considered strain range. Such a strain dependence of lattice thermal conductivity is attributed to enhanced phonon lifetimes caused by increased strain, while group velocities have a decreased effect on lattice thermal conductivity with increasing strain. It is found that acoustic branches dominate the lattice thermal conductivity over the full strain range. The cumulative room-temperature lattice thermal conductivity at -1\% strain converges to maximum with phonon mean free path (MFP) at 50 nm, while one at 6\% strain becomes as large as 44 $\mathrm{\mu m}$, which suggests that strain can give rise to very strong size effects on lattice thermal conductivity in antimonene. These results may provide guidance on fabrication techniques of antimonene, and offer perspectives on tuning lattice thermal conductivity by size and strain for applications of thermal management and thermoelectricity.