# Are Key-Foreign Key Joins Safe to Avoid when Learning High-Capacity Classifiers?

## TL;DR

This paper investigates whether avoiding key-foreign key joins impacts the performance of complex classifiers like decision trees, SVMs, and ANNs, finding they are more robust to such avoidance than linear models, contrary to prior assumptions.

## Contribution

It extends previous work on safe join avoidance from linear classifiers to high-capacity models, providing extensive empirical evidence of their robustness.

## Key findings

- High-capacity classifiers are more robust to avoiding KFK joins.
- Avoiding KFK joins does not significantly degrade accuracy for complex models.
- Results challenge previous assumptions based on linear classifier analysis.

## Abstract

Machine learning (ML) over relational data is a booming area of the database industry and academia. While several projects aim to build scalable and fast ML systems, little work has addressed the pains of sourcing data and features for ML tasks. Real-world relational databases typically have many tables (often, dozens) and data scientists often struggle to even obtain and join all possible tables that provide features for ML. In this context, Kumar et al. showed recently that key-foreign key dependencies (KFKDs) between tables often lets us avoid such joins without significantly affecting prediction accuracy--an idea they called avoiding joins safely. While initially controversial, this idea has since been used by multiple companies to reduce the burden of data sourcing for ML. But their work applied only to linear classifiers. In this work, we verify if their results hold for three popular complex classifiers: decision trees, SVMs, and ANNs. We conduct an extensive experimental study using both real-world datasets and simulations to analyze the effects of avoiding KFK joins on such models. Our results show that these high-capacity classifiers are surprisingly and counter-intuitively more robust to avoiding KFK joins compared to linear classifiers, refuting an intuition from the prior work's analysis. We explain this behavior intuitively and identify open questions at the intersection of data management and ML theoretical research. All of our code and datasets are available for download from http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~arunkk/hamlet.