# Radio Emission from Embryonic Super-Luminous Supernova Remnants

## TL;DR

This paper explores how radio observations of super-luminous supernova remnants can reveal the presence of young pulsars and help understand the engines powering these extraordinary explosions.

## Contribution

It demonstrates the potential of ALMA and VLA radio telescopes to detect nebular emissions from SLSN-I remnants, providing new constraints on pulsar-driven supernova models.

## Key findings

- ALMA can detect radio nebulae from SLSNe at 1 Gpc within a few years.
- VLA can detect these nebulae within a few decades.
- Radio follow-up can break degeneracies in pulsar-driven supernova models.

## Abstract

It has been widely argued that Type-I super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) are driven by powerful central engines with a long-lasting energy injection after the core-collapse of massive progenitors. One of the popular hypotheses is that the hidden engines are fast-rotating pulsars with a magnetic field of $B\sim{10}^{13}-{10}^{15}$ G. Murase, Kashiyama & Meszaros (2016) showed that quasi-steady radio/submm emission from non-thermal electron-positron pairs in nascent pulsar wind nebulae can be used as a counterpart of such pulsar-driven supernovae (SNe). In this work, focusing on the nascent SLSN-I remnants, we examine constraints that can be placed by radio emission. We show that the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimetre Array (ALMA) can detect the radio nebula from SNe at $D_{\rm L} \sim 1 \ \rm Gpc$ in a few years after the explosion, while the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) can also detect the counterpart in a few decades. The proposed radio followup observation could solve the parameter degeneracy in the pulsar-driven SN model for optical/UV light curves, and could also give us clues to young neutron star scenarios for SLSNe-I and fast radio bursts.