Near-Optimal $\varepsilon$-Kernel Construction and Related Problems

TL;DR

This paper introduces new algorithms for geometric approximation problems in high-dimensional spaces, significantly improving their computational efficiency and nearly matching theoretical lower bounds.

Contribution

It presents near-optimal algorithms for constructing $ ext{epsilon}$-kernels, approximate diameter, and bichromatic closest pair, using a novel convex body decomposition method.

Findings

Reduced running time for $ ext{epsilon}$-kernel construction to near-optimal bounds.

Improved algorithms for approximate diameter and bichromatic closest pair with faster runtimes.

Achieved near-optimal preprocessing times for various geometric query data structures.

Abstract

The computation of (i) $\varepsilon$-kernels, (ii) approximate diameter, and (iii) approximate bichromatic closest pair are fundamental problems in geometric approximation. In this paper, we describe new algorithms that offer significant improvements to their running times. In each case the input is a set of $n$ points in $R^d$ for a constant dimension $d \geq 3$ and an approximation parameter $\varepsilon > 0$. We reduce the respective running times (i) from $O((n + 1/\varepsilon^{d-2})\log(1/\varepsilon))$ to $O(n \log(1/\varepsilon) + 1/\varepsilon^{(d-1)/2+\alpha})$, (ii) from $O((n + 1/\varepsilon^{d-2})\log(1/\varepsilon))$ to $O(n \log(1/\varepsilon) + 1/\varepsilon^{(d-1)/2+\alpha})$, and (iii) from $O(n / \varepsilon^{d/3})$ to $O(n / \varepsilon^{d/4+\alpha}),$ for an arbitrarily small constant $\alpha > 0$. Result (i) is nearly optimal since the size of the output $\varepsilon$-kernel is $\Theta(1/\varepsilon^{(d-1)/2})$ in the worst case. These results are all based on an efficient decomposition of a convex body using a hierarchy of Macbeath regions, and contrast to previous solutions that decompose space using quadtrees and grids. By further application of these techniques, we also show that it is possible to obtain near-optimal preprocessing time for the most efficient data structures to approximately answer queries for (iv) nearest-neighbor searching, (v) directional width, and (vi) polytope membership.