Car following model simulating traffic breakdown and concave growth pattern of oscillations in traffic flow

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel car-following model that effectively simulates traffic breakdown, spontaneous jam formation, and the characteristic concave growth pattern of oscillations in traffic flow.

Contribution

It presents the first car-following model capable of fully depicting traffic breakdown, jam formation, and oscillation growth patterns based on speed-dependent space gaps and critical thresholds.

Findings

Successfully reproduces traffic breakdown and jam transitions

Captures the concave growth pattern of traffic oscillations

Provides insights into the mechanisms of traffic flow instability

Abstract

Traffic breakdown, as one of the most puzzling traffic flow phenomena, is characterized by sharply decreasing speed, abruptly increasing density and in particular suddenly plummeting capacity. In order to clarify its root mechanisms and model its observed properties, this paper proposes a car-following model based on the following assumptions: (i) There exists a preferred time-varied and speed-dependent space gap that cars hope to maintain; (ii) there exists a region R restricted by two critical space gaps and two critical speeds in the car following region on the speed-space gap diagram, in which cars' movements are determined by the weighted mean of the space- gap-determined acceleration and the speed-difference-determined acceleration; and (iii) out of region R, cars either accelerate to the free flow speed or decelerate to keep safety. Simulation results show that this model is able to simultaneously reproduce traffic breakdown and the transition from the synchronized traffic flow to wide moving jams. To our knowledge, this is the first car-following model that is able to fully depict traffic breakdown, spontaneous formation of jams, and the concave growth of the oscillations.