# From materials to systems: a multiscale analysis of nanomagnetic switching

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the challenges in nanomagnetic switching devices for low-power electronics and introduces a multiscale computational framework to optimize their energy, speed, and reliability tradeoffs.

## Contribution

It presents a comprehensive multiscale analysis approach to explore innovations in nanomagnetic devices across material, device, and circuit levels.

## Key findings

- Identifies key challenges in nanomagnetic device scalability and reliability.
- Provides a holistic framework for energy-delay-reliability optimization.
- Suggests pathways for future device improvements.

## Abstract

With the increasing demand for low-power electronics, nanomagnetic devices have emerged as strong potential candidates to complement present day transistor technology. A variety of novel switching effects such as spin torque and giant spin Hall offer scalable ways to manipulate nano-sized magnets. However, the low intrinsic energy cost of switching spins is often compromised by the energy consumed in the overhead circuitry in creating the necessary switching fields. Scaling brings in added concerns such as the ability to distinguish states (readability) and to write information without spontaneous backflips (reliability). A viable device must ultimately navigate a complex multi-dimensional material and design space defined by volume, energy budget, speed and a target read-write-retention error. In this paper, we review the major challenges facing nanomagnetic devices and present a multi-scale computational framework to explore possible innovations at different levels (material, device, or circuit), along with a holistic understanding of their overall energy-delay-reliability tradeoff.