# Near-Infrared MOSFIRE Spectra of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at 0.2<z<4

## TL;DR

This study provides spectroscopic observations of dusty star-forming galaxies at redshifts 0.2 to 4, revealing their high dust obscuration, gas outflows, and the challenges in confirming their redshifts due to obscuration.

## Contribution

It offers the first comprehensive spectroscopic analysis of a large sample of DSFGs, highlighting the limitations of photometric redshifts and emphasizing the importance of wide bandwidth millimeter technology.

## Key findings

- 35% of DSFGs have inaccurate or missing photometric redshifts.
- Evidence of 200 km/s gas outflows in DSFGs.
- High dust obscuration confirmed by Balmer decrements and IR/UV ratios.

## Abstract

We present near-infrared and optical spectroscopic observations of a sample of 450$\mu$m and 850$\mu$m-selected dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) identified in a 400 arcmin$^2$ area in the COSMOS field. Thirty-one sources of the 102 targets were spectroscopically confirmed at $0.2<z<4$, identified primarily in the near-infrared with Keck MOSFIRE and some in the optical with Keck LRIS and DEIMOS. The low rate of confirmation is attributable both to high rest-frame optical obscuration in our targets and limited sensitivity to certain redshift ranges. The high-quality photometric redshifts available in the COSMOS field allow us to test the robustness of photometric redshifts for DSFGs. We find a subset (11/31$\approx35$%) of DSFGs with inaccurate ($\Delta z/(1+z)>0.2$) or non-existent photometric redshifts; these have very distinct spectral energy distributions from the remaining DSFGs, suggesting a decoupling of highly obscured and unobscured components. We present a composite rest-frame 4300--7300\AA\ spectrum for DSFGs, and find evidence of 200$\pm$30 km s$^{-1}$ gas outflows. Nebular line emission for a sub-sample of our detections indicate that hard ionizing radiation fields are ubiquitous in high-z DSFGs, even more so than typical mass or UV-selected high-z galaxies. We also confirm the extreme level of dust obscuration in DSFGs, measuring very high Balmer decrements, and very high ratios of IR to UV and IR to H$\alpha$ luminosities. This work demonstrates the need to broaden the use of wide bandwidth technology in the millimeter to the spectroscopic confirmations of large samples of high-z DSFGs, as the difficulty in confirming such sources at optical/near-infrared wavelengths is exceedingly challenging given their obscuration.