# In Pursuit of New Physics with $B^0_{s,d}\to\ell^+\ell^-$

## TL;DR

This paper reviews leptonic B meson decays as probes for new physics, analyzing current experimental bounds and exploring potential enhancements in electron channels that could signal physics beyond the Standard Model.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed interpretation of B_s to mu+mu- measurements and investigates the potential for large new physics effects in B_s and B_d decays to electron pairs under flavor-universal Wilson coefficients.

## Key findings

- Current B_s to mu+mu- measurements align with the Standard Model.
- New physics effects could significantly enhance B_s and B_d to e+e- decay rates.
- Potential for observing B_s to e+e- at LHC and Belle II as a new physics signal.

## Abstract

Leptonic rare decays of $B^0_{s,d}$ mesons offer a powerful tool to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The $B^0_{s}\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decay has been observed at the Large Hadron Collider and the first measurement of the effective lifetime of this channel was presented, in accordance with the Standard Model. On the other hand, $B^0_{s}\to\tau^+\tau^-$ and $B^0_{s}\to e^+e^-$ have received considerably less attention: while LHCb has recently reported a first upper limit of $6.8\times10^{-3}$ (95% C.L.) for the $B^0_s\to\tau^+\tau^-$ branching ratio, the upper bound $2.8\times 10^{-7}$ (90% C.L.) for the branching ratio of $B^0_s\to e^+e^-$ was reported by CDF back in 2009. We discuss the current status of the interpretation of the measurement of $B^0_{s}\to\mu^+\mu^-$, and explore the space for New-Physics effects in the other $B^0_{s,d}\to\ell^+\ell^-$ decays in a scenario assuming flavour-universal Wilson coefficients of the relevant four-fermion operators. While the New-Physics effects are then strongly suppressed by the ratio $m_\mu/m_\tau$ of the lepton masses in $B^0_s\to\tau^+\tau^-$, they are hugely enhanced by $m_\mu/m_e$ in $B^0_s\to e^+e^-$ and may result in a $B^0_s\to e^+e^-$ branching ratio as large as about 5 times the one of $B^0_{s}\to\mu^+\mu^-$, which is about a factor of 20 below the CDF bound; a similar feature arises in $B^0_{d}\to e^+e^-$. Consequently, it would be most interesting to search for the $B^0_{s,d}\to e^+e^-$ channels at the LHC and Belle II, which may result in an unambiguous signal for physics beyond the Standard Model.