# Long-Range Nonlocality in Six-Point String Scattering: simulation of black hole infallers

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that string scattering amplitudes exhibit nonlocal longitudinal spreading effects, supporting the idea that strings can interact over extended distances, which has implications for understanding black hole infallers.

## Contribution

The study provides a gauge-invariant S-matrix calculation showing longitudinal spreading in string scattering, a novel simulation of black hole infaller dynamics.

## Key findings

- Amplitude supports scattering at predicted longitudinal separation
- Amplitude larger than in comparable quantum field theory models
- Dependence on string coupling consistent with string theory expectations

## Abstract

We set up a tree-level six point scattering process in which two strings are separated longitudinally such that they could only interact directly via a non-local spreading effect such as that predicted by light cone gauge calculations and the Gross-Mende saddle point. One string, the `detector', is produced at a finite time with energy $E$ by an auxiliary $2\to 2$ sub-process, with kinematics such that it has sufficient resolution to detect the longitudinal spreading of an additional incoming string, the `source'. We test this hypothesis in a gauge-invariant S-matrix calculation convolved with an appropriate wavepacket peaked at a separation $X$ between the central trajectories of the source and produced detector. The amplitude exhibits support for scattering at the predicted longitudinal separation $X\sim\alpha' E$, in sharp contrast to the analogous quantum field theory amplitude (whose support manifestly traces out a tail of the position-space wavefunction). The effect arises in a regime in which the string amplitude is not obtained as a convergent sum of such QFT amplitudes, and has larger amplitude than similar QFT models (with the same auxiliary four point amplitude). In a linear dilaton background, the amplitude depends on the string coupling as expected if the scattering is not simply occuring on the wavepacket tail in string theory. This manifests the scale of longitudinal spreading in a gauge-invariant S-matrix amplitude, in a calculable process with significant amplitude. It simulates a key feature of the dynamics of time-translated horizon infallers.