# Propagation of gaseous detonation waves in a spatially inhomogeneous reactive medium

## TL;DR

This study uses numerical simulations to explore how spatial inhomogeneity in reactive media affects gaseous detonation wave propagation, revealing conditions under which super-CJ speeds occur and analyzing their structure.

## Contribution

It introduces a detailed numerical analysis of detonation in inhomogeneous media, showing how inhomogeneity can lead to super-CJ velocities and weak detonation structures.

## Key findings

- Super-CJ detonation speeds occur when reactive zones are spaced beyond the reaction zone length.
- Classical CJ velocity is recovered when shock transit time is less than reaction time.
- Super-CJ detonations are identified as weak detonations with non-equilibrium effects.

## Abstract

Detonation propagation in a compressible medium wherein the energy release has been made spatially inhomogeneous is examined via numerical simulation. The inhomogeneity is introduced via step functions in the reaction progress variable, with the local value of energy release correspondingly increased so as to maintain the same average energy density in the medium, and thus a constant Chapman Jouguet (CJ) detonation velocity. A one-step Arrhenius rate governs the rate of energy release in the reactive zones. The resulting dynamics of a detonation propagating in such systems with one-dimensional layers and two-dimensional squares are simulated using a Godunov-type finite-volume scheme. The resulting wave dynamics are analyzed by computing the average wave velocity and one-dimensional averaged wave structure. In the case of sufficiently inhomogeneous media wherein the spacing between reactive zones is greater than the inherent reaction zone length, average wave speeds significantly greater than the corresponding CJ speed of the homogenized medium are obtained. If the shock transit time between reactive zones is less than the reaction time scale, then the classical CJ detonation velocity is recovered. The spatio-temporal averaged structure of the waves in these systems is analyzed via a Favre averaging technique, with terms associated with the thermal and mechanical fluctuations being explicitly computed. The analysis of the averaged wave structure identifies the super-CJ detonations as weak detonations owing to the existence of mechanical non-equilibrium at the effective sonic point embedded within the wave structure. The correspondence of the super-CJ behavior identified in this study with real detonation phenomena that may be observed in experiments is discussed.