Steiner Point Removal --- Distant Terminals Don't (Really) Bother

TL;DR

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Contribution

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Abstract

Given a weighted graph $G=(V,E,w)$ with a set of $k$ terminals $T\subset V$, the Steiner Point Removal problem seeks for a minor of the graph with vertex set $T$, such that the distance between every pair of terminals is preserved within a small multiplicative distortion. Kamma, Krauthgamer and Nguyen (SODA 2014, SICOMP 2015) used a ball-growing algorithm to show that the distortion is at most $\mathcal{O}(\log^5 k)$ for general graphs. In this paper, we improve the distortion bound to $\mathcal{O}(\log^2 k)$. The improvement is achieved based on a known algorithm that constructs terminal-distance exact-preservation minor with $\mathcal{O}(k^4)$ (which is independent of $|V|$) vertices, and also two tail bounds on the sum of independent exponential random variables, which allow us to show that it is unlikely for a non-terminal being contracted to a distant terminal.