Influence of material parameters on the performance of niobium based superconducting RF cavities

TL;DR

This paper analyzes how material parameters like impurity levels affect the thermal and electromagnetic performance of niobium-based SRF cavities, revealing potential for cost-effective material choices.

Contribution

It provides a detailed thermal and electromagnetic analysis of Nb SRF cavities considering impurity effects, challenging current purity standards for specific accelerator applications.

Findings

Lower purity Nb can be suitable for certain accelerators.

Material parameters significantly influence cavity Q_0 and breakdown.

Cost reduction potential for superconducting accelerators.

Abstract

A detailed thermal analysis of a Niobium (Nb) based superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavity in a liquid helium bath is presented, taking into account the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the surface resistance and thermal conductivity in the superconducting state of the starting Nb material (for SRF cavity fabrication) with different impurity levels. The drop in SRF cavity quality factor (Q_0) in the high acceleration gradient regime (before ultimate breakdown of the SRF cavity) is studied in details. It is argued that the high field Q_0-drop in SRF cavity is considerably influenced by the intrinsic material parameters such as electrical conductivity, and thermal diffusivity. The detail analysis also shows that the current specification on the purity of niobium material for SRF cavity fabrication is somewhat over specified. Niobium material with a relatively low purity can very well serve the purpose for the accelerators dedicated for spallation neutron source (SNS) or accelerator driven sub-critical system (ADSS) applications, where the required accelerating gradient is typically up to 20 MV/m,. This information will have important implication towards the cost reduction of superconducting technology based particle accelerators for various applications.