# Testing Light Dark Matter Coannihilation With Fixed-Target Experiments

## TL;DR

This paper proposes new fixed-target experimental methods to detect sub-GeV light dark matter that interacts via inelastic transitions, focusing on signals from scattering and decay, and analyzes existing and future experimental constraints.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel fixed-target search strategy for inelastic light dark matter, including theoretical modeling, reanalysis of existing data, and projections for future experiments.

## Key findings

- Current experiments already constrain significant parameter space.
- Future experiments like Belle II and MiniBooNE can probe nearly all remaining viable regions.
- Proposed methods can effectively detect inelastic dark matter via distinctive scattering and decay signals.

## Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a novel program of fixed-target searches for thermal-origin Dark Matter (DM), which couples inelastically to the Standard Model. Since the DM only interacts by transitioning to a heavier state, freeze-out proceeds via coannihilation and the unstable heavier state is depleted at later times. For sufficiently large mass splittings, direct detection is kinematically forbidden and indirect detection is impossible, so this scenario can only be tested with accelerators. Here we propose new searches at proton and electron beam fixed-target experiments to probe sub-GeV coannihilation, exploiting the distinctive signals of up- and down-scattering as well as decay of the excited state inside the detector volume. We focus on a representative model in which DM is a pseudo-Dirac fermion coupled to a hidden gauge field (dark photon), which kinetically mixes with the visible photon. We define theoretical targets in this framework and determine the existing bounds by reanalyzing results from previous experiments. We find that LSND, E137, and BaBar data already place strong constraints on the parameter space consistent with a thermal freeze-out origin, and that future searches at Belle II and MiniBooNE, as well as recently-proposed fixed-target experiments such as LDMX and BDX, can cover nearly all remaining gaps. We also briefly comment on the discovery potential for proposed beam dump and neutrino experiments which operate at much higher beam energies.