Numerical Study of Non-Newtonian Effects on Fast Transient Flows in Helical Pipes

TL;DR

This paper investigates how non-Newtonian fluid properties affect fast transient flows in helical pipes, revealing significant impacts on pressure, shear stress, and secondary flow structures through detailed numerical simulations.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive numerical analysis of non-Newtonian effects in helical pipe flows during fluid hammer events, incorporating pipe elasticity and fluid compressibility.

Findings

Non-Newtonian properties significantly alter pressure and shear stress responses.

Shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids show 67.7% lower and 200% higher wall shear stress respectively.

Secondary flow vorticity is substantially affected by non-Newtonian behavior.

Abstract

This study focuses on a parametric study of the laminar fast transient flow of non-Newtonian fluids through helical pipes. Classical simulations of fluid hammer do not deal with the pipeline helicity and non-Newtonian characteristics of the fluid, while the present work addresses those features. To this end, the power-law model is employed to accommodate the non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid. Effects of the pipe wall elasticity and compressibility of the working fluid are taken into account through a modified bulk modulus elasticity of the fluid. The results of the three-dimensional numerical analysis followed herein demonstrate good agreement with the available experimental data, and they show that non-Newtonian properties of the fluid significantly influence the pressure head response, velocity and shear stress profiles, and also the strength of the formed secondary flows. At the first stage of the fluid hammer, where the maximum deviation arises, the magnitude of the wall shear stress at the pipe midpoint for the shear-thinning and shear thickening fluids are respectively 67.7% lower and 200% higher than the Newtonian fluid. Furthermore, the average magnitude of the axial vorticity over the upper half of the pipe cross-section area for the shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids are respectively 65.5% lower and 111.7% upper than the Newtonian case.