# Modelling and Verification of a Cluster-tree Formation Protocol Implementation for the IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH MAC Operation Mode

## TL;DR

This paper models and verifies a cluster-tree formation protocol for IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH networks, revealing scalability issues and identifying scenarios where topology formation fails, using formal methods for analysis.

## Contribution

It introduces a formal modeling and verification approach for the cluster-tree formation protocol in TSCH networks, highlighting scalability limitations.

## Key findings

- The protocol has super linear time complexity.
- Formal methods identify failure scenarios.
- Scalability issues in large networks.

## Abstract

Correct and efficient initialization of wireless sensor networks can be challenging in the face of many uncertainties present in ad hoc wireless networks. In this paper we examine an implementation for the formation of a cluster-tree topology in a network which operates on top of the TSCH MAC operation mode of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, and investigate it using formal methods. We show how both the mCRL2 language and toolset help us in identifying scenarios where the implementation does not form a proper topology. More importantly, our analysis leads to the conclusion that the cluster-tree formation algorithm has a super linear time complexity. So, it does not scale to large networks.