# Subsurface bending and reorientation of tilted vortex lattices in the bulk due to Coulomb-like repulsion at the surface

## TL;DR

This study investigates how vortex lattices in superconducting crystals bend and reorient beneath the surface due to Coulomb-like repulsion effects, revealing surface-bulk interactions in tilted magnetic fields.

## Contribution

It demonstrates that vortices exit perpendicularly and are bent beneath the surface, with surface Coulomb repulsion significantly influencing bulk vortex structure at large tilt angles.

## Key findings

- Vortices exit perpendicular to the surface.
- Vortex structures are bent beneath the surface.
- Coulomb-like repulsion affects vortex orientation at large tilt angles.

## Abstract

We study vortex lattices (VLs) in superconducting weak-pinning platelet-like crystals of $\beta$-Bi$_{2}$Pd in tilted fields with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope. We show that vortices exit the sample perpendicular to the surface and are thus bent beneath the surface. The structure and orientation of tilted VL in the bulk are, for large tilt angles, strongly affected by Coulomb-type intervortex repulsion at the surface due to stray fields.