# Parametric equations of the expansion of a closed universe with torsion

## TL;DR

This paper derives parametric equations describing the early universe's expansion in a closed cosmological model that includes spin and torsion effects, extending classical Friedmann equations.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel derivation of parametric equations for a closed universe incorporating torsion and spin, providing new insights into early universe dynamics.

## Key findings

- Derived parametric equations for the scale factor and time in a torsion-inclusive universe
- Extended Friedmann equations to include spin and torsion effects
- Provides a framework for analyzing early universe expansion with torsion

## Abstract

Using the Friedmann equations for a closed universe with spin and torsion, parametric equations for the scale factor and time are derived for the early universe.