Light Echoes from Linear Filaments

TL;DR

This paper explores the geometric properties of light echoes from linear filaments, distinguishing real and perceived spots, to decode information about the flash, filament orientation, and distances involved.

Contribution

It introduces a geometric framework for understanding light echoes from linear filaments, including the distinction between real and perceived spots and their implications for distance and orientation measurements.

Findings

Perceived spot pair events occur when the radial speed component toward the observer crosses the speed of light.

Real spot creation only occurs at the closest point on an infinite filament to the flash.

Perceived spots can appear to move with an angular component toward the flash.

Abstract

When a flash of light from a star overtakes a straight linear filament of gas or dust and is seen later by an observer, a pattern of perceived illumination occurs that encodes information about the distance to the flash, the distance to illumination fronts on the filament, and the orientation of the filament. To help decode this information, geometric considerations of light echoes from such filaments are considered. A distinction is made between real spots, which occur unambiguously on a filament, and perceived spot echoes, which are seen by observers and may appear differently to separated observers. For context, a series of critical points are defined on a hypothetically infinite filament. Real spot pair creation events will only occur on an infinite filament at the closest distance to the flash, while perceived spot pair events will only occur when the radial speed component toward the observer of a real spot crosses the speed of light. If seen, a perceived spot pair creation event could provide unique information toward decoding distance and orientation information of the flash and the filament. On filament segments, typically only one of these perceived spots will be seen. Geometries where a perceived spot appears to move with an angular component toward the flash are shown possible. Echo and source distance determinations for filaments that pass between the observer and flash are considered. Hypothetical examples are given for Merope variably illuminating IC 349, and Rigel creating perceived spots on IC 2118.