# Maximal symmetry and mass generation of Dirac fermions and gravitational gauge field theory in six-dimensional spacetime

## TL;DR

This paper develops a six-dimensional spacetime framework with maximal symmetry to describe massless Dirac fermions, introducing new gauge symmetries and predicting doubly charged bosons, advancing gravitational gauge field theory and mass generation mechanisms.

## Contribution

It extends Dirac theory to six dimensions with maximal symmetry, incorporating gauge invariance and conformal symmetry, and proposes a novel mass generation mechanism for fermions.

## Key findings

- Derivation of a generalized Dirac equation in six dimensions.
- Prediction of doubly electrically charged bosons.
- Formulation of a gravitational gauge field theory with symmetry breaking.

## Abstract

The relativistic Dirac equation in four-dimensional spacetime reveals a coherent relation between the dimensions of spacetime and the degrees of freedom of fermionic spinors. A massless Dirac fermion generates new symmetries corresponding to chirality spin and charge spin as well as conformal scaling transformations. With the introduction of intrinsic W-parity, a massless Dirac fermion can be treated as a Majorana-type or Weyl-type spinor in a six-dimensional spacetime that reflects the intrinsic quantum numbers of chirality spin. A generalized Dirac equation is obtained in the six-dimensional spacetime with a maximal symmetry. Based on the framework of gravitational quantum field theory proposed in Ref. \cite{YLWU} with the postulate of gauge invariance and coordinate independence, we arrive at a maximally symmetric gravitational gauge field theory for the massless Dirac fermion in six-dimensional spacetime. Such a theory is governed by the local spin gauge symmetry SP(1,5) and the global Poincar\'e symmetry P(1,5)= SO(1,5)$\ltimes P^{1,5} $ as well as the charge spin gauge symmetry SU(2). The theory leads to the prediction of doubly electrically charged bosons. A scalar field and conformal scaling gauge field are introduced to maintain both global and local conformal scaling symmetries. A generalized gravitational Dirac equation for the massless Dirac fermion is derived in the six-dimensional spacetime. The equations of motion for gauge fields are obtained with conserved currents in the presence of gravitational effects. The dynamics of the gauge-type gravifield as a Goldstone-like boson is shown to be governed by a conserved energy-momentum tensor, and its symmetric part provides a generalized Einstein equation of gravity. An alternative geometrical symmetry breaking mechanism for the mass generation of Dirac fermions is demonstrated.