# Can a QED photon propagate out of the black-hole horizon?

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that in the vicinity of an evaporating black hole, quantum electrodynamics predicts photons can effectively propagate outwards due to a negative mass-squared, challenging traditional views on black hole horizons.

## Contribution

It introduces a one-loop quantum correction showing photons can have a negative gauge-invariant mass-squared near black hole horizons, suggesting possible information escape mechanisms.

## Key findings

- Photon acquires negative gauge-invariant mass-squared near horizon
- Potential for information retrieval from black hole interior
- Challenges traditional horizon concept in quantum field theory

## Abstract

We show at one-loop approximation that the QED photon acquires a negative gauge-invariant mass-squared in the near-horizon region of an evaporating Schwarzschild black hole. This result may imply that information about the inner structure of evaporating black holes is accessible, even without invoking the modification of the basic QFT and GR principles.