# Evolution Equations for Connected and Disconnected Sea Parton Distributions

## TL;DR

This paper extends DGLAP evolution equations to separately describe connected and disconnected sea partons, highlighting their roles in sum rule violations and implications for lattice QCD calculations.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel extension of DGLAP equations to distinguish connected and disconnected sea partons in hadronic structure.

## Key findings

- Connected sea partons primarily cause Gottfried sum rule violation.
- Extended DGLAP equations evolve connected and disconnected sea partons separately.
- Implications for lattice QCD calculations are discussed.

## Abstract

It has been revealed from the path-integral formulation of the hadronic tensor that there are connected sea and disconnected sea partons. The former is responsible for the Gottfried sum rule violation primarily and evolves the same way as the valence. Therefore, the DGLAP evolution equations can be extended to accommodate them separately. We discuss its consequences and implications vis-a-vis lattice calculations.