# Quantum analysis of fluctuations of electromagnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions

## TL;DR

This paper uses quantum calculations to analyze electromagnetic field fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions, revealing that quantum effects significantly reduce fluctuations compared to classical predictions.

## Contribution

It introduces a quantum approach based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to evaluate electromagnetic field fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions.

## Key findings

- Quantum fluctuations are much smaller than classical predictions.
- Quantum analysis aligns with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.
- Classical Monte-Carlo overestimates field fluctuations.

## Abstract

We perform quantum calculations of fluctuations of the electromagnetic fields in $AA$ collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. The analysis is based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We find that in the quantum picture the field fluctuations are very small. They turn out to be much smaller than the predictions of the classical Monte-Carlo simulation with the Woods-Saxon nuclear density.