# Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Chromium Nitride Thin Films Grown by RF Nitrogen Plasma Molecular Beam Epitaxy

## TL;DR

This study investigates the coupled structural and magnetic phase transitions in CrN thin films grown by RF plasma MBE, revealing temperature-dependent changes in surface structure, bulk crystal structure, and magnetic order through combined experimental and theoretical approaches.

## Contribution

It provides new insights into the magneto-structural phase transitions in CrN thin films, combining in-situ surface analysis, ex-situ diffraction, and first-principles calculations to characterize the transitions.

## Key findings

- Structural transition at ~278 K observed in-situ
- First-order structural transition at 256 K (out-of-plane)
- Magnetic transition from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic at ~270-280 K

## Abstract

A magneto-structural phase transition is investigated in single crystal CrN thin films grown by rf plasma molecular beam epitaxy on MgO(001) substrates. While still within the vacuum environment following MBE growth, $\it in-situ$ low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, and $\it in-situ$ variable low-temperature reflection high energy electron diffraction are applied, revealing an atomically smooth and metallic CrN(001) surface, and an $\it in-plane$ structural transition from 1$\times$1 (primitive CrN unit cell) to $\mathrm{\sqrt{2}\times\sqrt{2}-R45^\circ}$ with a transition temperature of $\sim$ 278 K, respectively. $\it Ex-situ$ temperature dependent measurements are also performed, including x-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction, looking at the structural peaks and likewise revealing a first-order structural transition along both [001] and [111] $\it out-of-plane$ directions, with transition temperatures of 256 K and 268 K, respectively. Turning to the magnetic peaks, neutron diffraction confirms a clear magnetic transition from paramagnetic at room temperature to antiferromagnetic at low temperatures with a sharp, first-order phase transition and a N$\'{e}$el temperature of 270 K or 280 K for two different films. In addition to the experimental measurements of structural and magnetic ordering, we also discuss results from first-principles theoretical calculations which explore various possible magneto-structural models.