# Pulsed emission from a rotating off-centred magnetic dipole in vacuum

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how an off-centred rotating magnetic dipole in vacuum influences pulsar emission features, revealing asymmetries and increased flexibility in modeling pulsar light curves compared to the standard centred dipole model.

## Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the effects of an off-centred magnetic dipole on pulsar emission characteristics, expanding the understanding beyond the traditional centred dipole assumption.

## Key findings

- Off-centred dipole breaks north-south symmetry.
- Enhanced flexibility in fitting radio and high-energy light-curves.
- Altered magnetic field line structure and polar cap shapes.

## Abstract

The topology of the electromagnetic field around neutron stars severely impacts pulsar physics. While most of the works assume a standard centred dipolar magnetic field model, recently some efforts have been made to explain how inclusion of higher multipolar components could drastically change our understanding of these objects. Also, for simplicity, it has always been assumed that the magnetic moment coincides with the geometrical centre of the star. However, lately, a more general picture has been put forward in which the magnetic dipole moment is shifted off from the centre of the star. It has been demonstrated that the rotating off-centred dipole can be expanded into multipolar components. We study the effects of an off-centred rotating dipole on various characteristic emission features of pulsars in vacuum. The reliability of the off-centred case and its consequences on the magnetic field line structure, shape of the polar caps, high energy and radio emission phase plots and corresponding light curves along with a comparison with the standard centred case are discussed. It has been seen that an off-centred dipole breaks the north-south symmetry and allows for more flexibility in radio and high-energy light-curves fitting and phase lag.