# Measurement-device-independent randomness generation with arbitrary quantum states

## TL;DR

This paper presents a framework for device-independent quantum randomness generation that accommodates arbitrary input states and measurements, enabling high-rate randomness extraction even with untrusted detectors.

## Contribution

It introduces a generalized analysis method for measurement-device-independent randomness generation with arbitrary quantum states and measurements, expanding previous schemes.

## Key findings

- High randomness generation rates of over one bit per qubit.
- Applicable to realistic implementations with untrusted detectors.
- Framework accommodates arbitrary input states and measurements.

## Abstract

Measurements of quantum systems can be used to generate classical data that is truly unpredictable for every observer. However, this true randomness needs to be discriminated from randomness due to ignorance or lack of control of the devices. We analyze the randomness gain of a measurement-device-independent setup, consisting of a well-characterized source of quantum states and a completely uncharacterized and untrusted detector. Our framework generalizes previous schemes as arbitrary input states and arbitrary measurements can be analyzed. Our method is used to suggest simple and realistic implementations that yield high randomness generation rates of more than one random bit per qubit for detectors of sufficient quality.