# Surface States of a System of Dirac Fermions: A Minimal Model

## TL;DR

This paper presents a minimal analytical model for surface and edge states in Dirac materials, applicable to both topological and non-topological systems, based on envelope wave functions and boundary conditions.

## Contribution

It introduces a minimal formalism that describes surface and edge states of Dirac fermions across different systems, expanding theoretical understanding.

## Key findings

- Analytical description of surface and edge states in Dirac systems.
- Applicability conditions for the minimal model are discussed.
- The model covers both topological and non-topological Dirac materials.

## Abstract

A brief survey is given of theoretical works on surface states (SSs) in Dirac materials. Within the formalism of envelope wave functions and boundary conditions for these functions, a minimal model is formulated that analytically describes surface and edge states of various (topological and non-topological) types in several systems with Dirac fermions (DFs). The applicability conditions of this model are discussed.